Fostering Self-Compassion: Understanding Self-Criticism and the Inner Critic

Do you ever notice how you speak to yourself? Many of us live with an inner critic that is far harsher than anything we would ever say to another person. If you spoke to a friend the way you sometimes speak to yourself, how do you imagine they would feel? Most likely hurt, diminished, or defeated.

For many people, this critical inner voice is a constant companion. It fuels self-criticism, telling us we are not good enough, that we should be doing better, or that we somehow deserve the painful things that happen in our lives. Over time, this inner critic can quietly shape how we see ourselves and how we move through the world.

Where does self-criticism come from?

It can be tempting to believe that we are simply “hard on ourselves” by nature. In reality, self-criticism is often learned. We may internalise messages we received growing up — from parents, teachers or peers — and begin to repeat them to ourselves.

Many psychological approaches suggest that the inner critic develops as a response to early experiences. If care, approval, or safety felt conditional, we may have adapted by closely monitoring ourselves, criticising mistakes, or pushing ourselves to achieve more.

Some therapies describe self-criticism as an internalised voice shaped by authority figures from the past. Others understand it as a pattern of negative thinking that becomes automatic over time. Compassion-focused approaches suggest that harsh self-talk can begin as a survival strategy in emotionally unsafe environments.

Seen this way, self-criticism is not a personal failing. It is a learned coping strategy — one that may no longer be helpful.

The impact of a harsh inner critic

In my counselling work, many people describe feeling broken, wrong, or fundamentally unfixable. For some, the inner critic becomes relentless or cruel. In its more extreme forms, self-criticism can contribute to shame, emotional distress, self-harm, or feelings of hopelessness.

Trying to silence the inner critic altogether rarely works. Pushing it away often makes it louder. In counselling, the focus is usually on learning to notice this voice, understand where it came from, and gradually relate to it with greater compassion.

Developing self-compassion

Self-compassion is not about avoiding responsibility or “letting ourselves off the hook.” Instead, it involves responding to our struggles with the same care and understanding we might offer someone we love.

When we begin to see self-criticism as something learned — shaped by early relationships or social pressures — we gain choice. We don’t have to believe everything the inner critic says. Through counselling and self-reflection, it becomes possible to develop a kinder, more supportive inner voice.

A simple self-compassion practice

Psychologist Kristin Neff, a leading researcher in self-compassion, describes three key elements:

• Mindfulness – noticing when we are suffering

• Common humanity – remembering we are not alone

• Kindness – responding with care rather than judgement

The next time a difficult moment happens and you respond self-critically, you might try gently saying the following mantra:

• “This is a moment of suffering.”

• “Suffering is part of being human.”

• “May I be kind to myself in this moment.”

• “I am worthy of compassion.”

These phrases may feel awkward or undeserved at first — that is very common. The aim is not to force belief, but to practise responding differently when the inner critic appears.

Self-compassion in everyday actions

Self-compassion is not only about what we say to ourselves; it is also reflected in how we treat ourselves. Many people understand self-kindness in theory but struggle to apply it in daily life.

A useful question to ask yourself is: “If I were being kind to myself today, what would I do differently — even in a small way?” The answer might involve taking breaks, eating nourishing food, setting boundaries, or getting more rest. Small, consistent acts of care are often more powerful than grand gestures.

A compassionate response also means noticing self-punishing behaviours. After mistakes, many people respond by overworking, withdrawing, or denying their own needs. You might instead ask yourself: “What would a supportive friend encourage me to do right now?” The response might involve doing less rather than more.

Self-compassion is a skill, not a personality trait. Like any skill, it develops with practice. You might start by choosing one intentional act of self-compassion each day.

Counselling and self-compassion

If your inner critic has been with you for a long time, changing this relationship can feel challenging. Counselling offers a safe space to explore self-criticism, understand its origins, and gradually build a more compassionate way of relating to yourself.

Over time, each small act of self-compassion helps strengthen a kinder inner voice — and soften the critical one. Self-compassion is not a luxury or a weakness. For many people, it is a vital step towards emotional wellbeing and healing.

By Michael Broad, an integrative counsellor in Norwich, Norfolk